ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 Pneumonia with diabetic ketoacidosis is a dreadful health condition. Diabetic ketoacidosis is one of the severe metabolic complications and it can be precipitated by infection. We presented a case of 48 years female with no known comorbidities who presented with COVID-19 symptoms and with Diabetic Ketoacidosis. The case presented with elevated inflammatory markers, high anion gap metabolic acidosis with type I respiratory failure. During admission, the oxygen saturation had marked drop, later her improvement was steady followed by gradual tapering of the oxygenation. Marked improvement was noticed in the subsequent follow-up. COVID-19 infection can be precipitated by preexisting diabetes or newly diagnosed diabetes and the severity of COVID-19 infection is more pronounced in patients with diabetes mellitus, thus should be managed timely and accordingly. The scarce studies among the COVID-19 cases with diabetic ketoacidosis reflect the need for further studies for the availability of a wider range of information. Copyright © 2021, Kathmandu University. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
This chapter presents a novel point process model for COVID-19 transmission—the multivariate recursive Hawkes process, which is an extension of the recursive Hawkes model to the multivariate case. Equivalently the model can be viewed as an extension of the multivariate Hawkes model to allow for varying productivity as in the recursive model. Several theoretical properties of this process are stated and proved, including the existence of the multivariate recursive counting process and formulas for the mean and variance. EM-based algorithms are explored for estimating parameters of parametric and semi-parametric forms of the model. Additionally, an algorithm is presented to reconstruct the process from imprecise event times. The performance of the algorithms on both synthetic and real COVID-19 data sets is illustrated through several experiments. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
We estimate changes in the rates of five FBI Part 1 crimes during the 2020 spring COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period and the period after the killing of George Floyd through December 2020. We use weekly crime rate data from 28 of the 70 largest cities in the United States from January 2018 to December 2020. Homicide rates were higher throughout 2020, including during early 2020 prior to March lockdowns. Auto thefts increased significantly during the summer and remainder of 2020. In contrast, robbery and larceny significantly declined during all three post-pandemic periods. Point estimates of burglary rates pointed to a decline for all four periods of 2020, but only the pre-pandemic period was statistically significant. We construct a city-level openness index to examine whether the degree of openness just prior to and during the lockdowns was associated with changing crime rates. Larceny and robbery rates both had a positive and significant association with the openness index implying lockdown restrictions reduced offense rates whereas the other three crime types had no detectable association. While opportunity theory is a tempting post hoc explanation of some of these findings, no single crime theory provides a plausible explanation of all the results. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 Pneumonia with diabetic ketoacidosis is a dreadful health condition. Diabetic ketoacidosis is one of the severe metabolic complications and it can be precipitated by infection. We presented a case of 48 years female with no known comorbidities who presented with COVID-19 symptoms and with Diabetic Ketoacidosis. The case presented with elevated inflammatory markers, high anion gap metabolic acidosis with type I respiratory failure. During admission, the oxygen saturation had marked drop, later her improvement was steady followed by gradual tapering of the oxygenation. Marked improvement was noticed in the subsequent follow-up. COVID-19 infection can be precipitated by preexisting diabetes or newly diagnosed diabetes and the severity of COVID-19 infection is more pronounced in patients with diabetes mellitus, thus should be managed timely and accordingly. The scarce studies among the COVID-19 cases with diabetic ketoacidosis reflect the need for further studies for the availability of a wider range of information. © 2021, Kathmandu University. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
This paper aims to use Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques for studying spatial distribution patterns of green logistics activities at tourist attractions to current COVID-19 situation in Muang Nakhonratchasima district, Thailand. Forty Nine purpose based questionnaires were collected online between 1 April - 31 July 2021. This data was spatially analyzed using high/Low clustering Getis-Ord General G in ArcGIS program. The overall score of 8 green logistics activities in 12 tourist attractions in Muang Nakhonratchasima district is 1.89, which is at a low level. However, almost all tourist places have a high level of green awareness with the exception of Phanomwan Castle (low level). The result reveals that the green logistics activities pattern was neither a clustered or dispersed pattern, which also refers to as a normative distribution pattern in such 12 tourist attractions of Muang Nakhonratchasima district. Both public and private organizations has realized to reverse logistics using a barcode, electric email, and information online for facing the current COVID-19 situation. Consequently, the obtained results will be suggested for TAT Nakhonratchasima and the office of Nakhonratchasima City Municipality further. © ACRS 2021.All right reserved.
ABSTRACT
Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has brought life to a standstill across the world, with nearly 178 countries reporting school closures. As the schools have started reopening slowly, precautions are utmost necessary to prevent the potential spread of COVID-19 in school and community settings. Objective To assess knowledge, attitude and practice towards COVID-19 among private school teachers. Method A web based cross-sectional analytical study design was undertaken. Currently working private school teachers of Chitwan District were included as a unit of analysis. The snowball sampling technique was employed to identify the eligible participant. Collected data was entered in SPSS version 20 and analyzed using the Chi-square test, Pearson correlation, and binary logistic regression. Result Of 344 participants, the majority were male (52.9%), most of the participants were from age group 26-30 years (38.4%). Regarding knowledge, attitude and practice, 57% had good knowledge, 53.2% had favorable attitude and 51.7% had good practice towards COVID-19. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated gender (OR 0.475, 95% CI: 0.256-0.818) and COVID-19 training (OR 25.687, 95% CI 5.354-123.226) were significant with good knowledge. Conclusion Knowledge about COVID-19 among private schools teacher was good, attitudes have been mostly favorable, and the practices were mostly adequate. However, good knowledge is not the only factor for better attitude and good practices. It is necessary to implement massive education campaigns, trainings and information via school authorities and health authorities by developing and adopting appropriate guidelines on COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
The Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) will handle many upcoming projects due to the recent statewide infrastructure strategic plan and the fast-track efforts affecting many infrastructure projects amid COVID-19. Nevertheless, many change orders are anticipated to occur on IDOT's projects. Thus, this paper examines the proper contractual management of changes within IDOT infrastructure transportation projects by following a research method based on the integration between a desktop analysis and a focus group analysis. The desktop analysis involved collecting information and data from existing resources, case studies, and documents related to change orders. The focus group analysis involved consulting with change order experts to verify that the outcome of each research step is useful and to validate the final outcomes of the paper. Based on 50 documented major change orders in IDOT projects and three litigated cases, two findings are provided. First, the top causes for key change orders within IDOT projects include contract administration, allowable contingencies, quantity omission or error, differing site conditions, and design changes. Second, the most critical change order related challenges within IDOT's infrastructure projects include approval procedures, compensation considerations, and applicable laws. This paper offers flowcharts, synopsis of opportunities and risks, and a checklist to help the contracting parties better administer change orders. Ultimately, the contributions of this paper to the practice include: (1) minimizing the number and amount of change orders, (2) helping the contracting parties better understand how their individual responsibilities contribute to the proper processing and management of changes and variations, (3) offering contractors the ability to visualize the different steps involved in the approval of change orders, (4) assisting the project stakeholders in identifying change order-related areas for improvement, and (5) allowing project owners to better mitigate, manage, and administer the contractual aspects of change orders. © 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
ABSTRACT
The first case of coronavirus disease 2019 was reported on December 31, 2019 in Wuhan, China where the average case fatality rate was 6.1 +/- 2.9%. There are 453 deaths as of September 24, 2020 in Nepal. We report the first death of a 29-years-old postpartum woman due to COVID-19 in Nepal who was referred from a rural health center to Dhulikhel Hospital. On arrival, she was taken to the acute respiratory zone of the emergency department to provide immediate lifesaving procedures. Despite the repeated resuscitative measures, return of spontaneous circulation could not be achieved. The real time polymerase chain reaction test was positive. Our case report highlights the importance of early clinical suspicion, importance of "safety first" in healthcare settings, and the chain of management in such patients. We consider the fact that a postpartum woman registered as the first case of COVID-19 related death in Nepal to be an area of further study.
ABSTRACT
The first case of coronavirus disease 2019 was reported on December 31, 2019 in Wuhan, China where the average case fatality rate was 6.1 ± 2.9%. There are 453 deaths as of September 24, 2020 in Nepal. We report the first death of a 29-years-old postpartum woman due to COVID-19 in Nepal who was referred from a rural health center to Dhulikhel Hospital. On arrival, she was taken to the acute respiratory zone of the emergency department to provide immediate lifesaving procedures. Despite the repeated resuscitative measures, return of spontaneous circulation could not be achieved. The real time polymerase chain reaction test was positive. Our case report highlights the importance of early clinical suspicion, importance of “safety first” in healthcare settings, and the chain of management in such patients. We consider the fact that a postpartum woman registered as the first case of COVID-19 related death in Nepal to be an area of further study. © 2020, Kathmandu University. All rights reserved.